Ptolemy, Seleucid Empire rulers

Alexander the Great’s leftover land

The Ptolemy and Seleucid Empires were two important kingdoms that emerged after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. They were part of the larger Hellenistic world, where Greek culture blended with local traditions.

Ptolemy Empire of Egypt

The Ptolemy Empire was based in Egypt. It was founded by Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's generals. Ptolemies ruled from the city of Alexandria, which became a center of learning and culture. The famous Library of Alexandria was located there, attracting scholars from all over the Mediterranean. The Ptolemies promoted arts, science, and trade. They built impressive monuments, including the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Seleucid Empire of the north

In contrast, the Seleucid Empire was established by Seleucus I, another general of Alexander. This empire stretched from the eastern Mediterranean to parts of what was known then as Asia, including modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iran. The Seleucids faced many challenges, such as maintaining control over their vast territory and dealing with local cultures. They founded cities, many named after themselves, to spread Greek culture. However, the Seleucid Empire was often weakened by internal conflicts and attacks from neighboring groups.

Rivals: Ptolemy and Seleucid

Both empires were known for their conflicts and rivalries. They fought over territory and influence, particularly in regions like Syria and Palestine—the best land bridge between nations in Africa and those of the Middle East and Europe. Over time, the Ptolemy Empire became more stable, while the Seleucid Empire struggled with internal issues. Eventually, the Romans rose to power and conquered both empires, marking the end of their influence.